Properties of Gemstones

Batu-batu permata mempunyai properti di dalam nya termasuk Hardness (kekerasan),  Refractive Index, dan Birefringence yang biasa di ukur oleh para gemologist di dalam certificate atau memo batu

Nama Batu	Refractive Index (RI)	Double Refraction	Birefringence	Mohs Hardness Scale
Diamond	2.417 - 2.419	None	N/A	10
Ruby (Corundum), Star Ruby	1.762 - 1.778	Yes	0.008	9
Sapphire, Star Sapphire (Corundum)	1.762 - 1.778	Yes	0.008	9
Color Change Sapphire (Corundum)	1.762 - 1.788	Yes	0.008	9
Topaz (All)	1.609 - 1.643	Yes	0.008 to 0.016	8
Tourmaline (All)	1.614 - 1.666	Yes	0.014 to 0.032	7 to 7.5
Emerald (Beryl)	1.565 - 1.602	Yes	0.006	7.5 to 8
Aquamarine (Beryl) or Cat's Eye Aquamarine (Beryl)	1.564 - 1.596	Yes	0.004 to 0.005	7.5 to 8
Heliodor, Goshenite, Yellow Beryl, Morganite, Red Beryl (Beryl Group)	1.562 - 1.602	Yes	0.004 to 0.010	7.5 to 8
Alexandrite (Chrysoberyl) or Chrysobery Cat's Eye	1.746 - 1.763	Yes	0.004 to 0.010	8.5
Chrysoberyl	1.746 - 1.763	Yes	0.007 to 0.011	8.5
Tsavorite Garnet	1.734 - 1.759	None	N/A	7.5
Mali Garnet, Grossular, Star Garnet, Rhodolite, Hessonite Garnet, Pyrope	1.734 - 1.759	None	N/A	7 to 7.5
Almandine Garnet	1.77 - 1.82	None	N/A	7 to 7.5
Color Change Garnet	1.73 - 1.756	None	N/A	7 to 7.5
Spessartite Garnet	1.79 - 1.82	None	N/A	7.5
Spinel (All)	1.712 - 1.762	None	N/A	7.5
Zircon (All)	1.81 - 2.024	Yes	0.002 to 0.059	7.5
Sphene	1.843 - 2.11	Yes	0.100 to 0.192	5.5
Kyanite (Kaynet)	1.71 - 1.734	Yes	0.0015 to 0.033	5
Star Diopside or Chrome Diopside	1.664 - 1.73	Yes	0.024 to 0.031	5.5-6.5
Opal, Fire Opal, Moss Opal	1.37 - 1.52	None	N/A	5-6
Tanzanite	1.691 - 1.7	Yes	0.009	6.5
Peridot	1.65 - 1.703	Yes	0.036 to 0.038	6.5-7
Quartz (Amethyst, Citrine, Rutile Smoky, Rose Quartz, Ametrine, Strawberry, Mystic)	1.544 - 1.553	Yes	0.009	6.5-7
Turquoise (Pirus)	1.61 - 1.65	Yes	0.040	6
Agate (Akik), Fire Agate, Dendritic, Bloodstone, Geode Agate	1.53 - 1.54	Yes	up to 0.004	7
Jade (Giok), Nephrite	1.6 - 1.627	Yes	0.027	6-7
Moonstone (Biduri Bulan), Rainbow Moonstone, Star Moonstone, Cat's Eye Moonstone	1.518 - 1.526	Yes	0.008	6-6.5 Lapis Lazuli 1.5 None N/A 5.5 Pearl (Mutiara) 1.52 - 1.69 Yes 0.156 3-4 Coral 1.486 - 1.658 Yes White and red: 0.160 to 0.172 3-4 Ammolite 1.52 - 1.68 Yes 0.155 Maw Sit-Sit 1.52 - 1.74 Yes 0.0150 to 0.020 6-7 Fluorite (All) 1.434 None N/A 4 Tiger's Eye (Biduri Sepah) 1.534 - 1.54 None N/A 7 Chalcedony 1.53 - 1.54 Yes up to 0.004 6 - 7 Moldavite 1.48 - 1.54 None N/A 5.5-6.5 Sun Stone, Star Sun Stone 1.525 - 1.548 Yes 0.010 5-6 Apatite (All) 1.628 - 1.649 Yes 0.002 to 0.006 5 Andesine 1.551 - 1.56 Yes 0..0008 6 - 6.5 Scapolite, Scapolite Cat's Eye 1.54 - 1.579 Yes 0.006 to 0.037 5 - 6 Amber 1.539 - 1.545 None N/A 2-3.5 Labradorite 1.559 - 1.57 Yes 0.008 to 0.010 6 – 6.5 Axinite 1.681–1.704 Yes 0.011 6.0–7.5